Sahita Kumbhaka is of two types Sahita Sagarbha and Sahita Nigarbha. The word Garbha here stands for a Mantra or Pranava (AUM). Sagarbha Pranayama uses the beeja akshara of Pranava or AUM. This practice emphasizes the importance of fixing the mind on the mental recitation of a Mantra, creating an impact on the psycho-physiological aspects of the body and mind. The relevance of doing the Sagarbha Pranayama is highlighted by the reference of meditating on the gunas along with seed letter of A-U- M. Nigarbha Pranayama on the other hand, is done without the use of beeja akshara of Pranava. This practice focus on maintaining the rules of carrying out the inhalation, exhalation and retention, based on the Desha (location), Kala (Time duration) & Sankhya (counts).
Both the practices involve a high level of mental alertness. The former practice (Sagarbha) focuses on an object, in this case Pranava or AUM and the latter emphasizes the focus on the process or activity that is encompassed while doing the practice. The aim of both is to lead the practitioner towards the spiritual path. With regular practice of Pranaya ma, the practitioner enters into certain stages, which indicate their progress in the practices ensued.
Aarambha Avastha (the first stage), which is the direct result from the practice of Pranava mantra, that results into the practitioner having a good appetite & digestion, cheerfulness, courage, strength and vigor and a beautiful appearance. The body of the yogi starts to perspire and also starts trembling.
Ghata Avastha (the second stage), which is achieved by constant retention of breath, that leads to the union of Prana & Apana, Manas & Budhi and Jivatman & Paramatman
Parichaya Avastha (the third stage), is when the prana enters into the Sushumna, piercing through the six energy centers (chakras) and the yogi is able to destroy the three fold affects of Karma by practice of Pranava (AUM).
Nishpatti Avastha (the forth stage), the yogi feels no hunger or thirst and is free from all diseases and old age or decaying and is able to drink the nectar of immortality.
We can thus conclude that Kumbhaka is an integral part of pranayama and is practiced to achieve various physical, mental, and spiritual benefits. In the upcoming series we will elaborate more on the different types of Kumbhakas, explaining the process of practicing and the importance of doing under the direct guidance of an eminent master.
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